Clayden: Rogers and his Contemporaries

‘My dear Rogers,—When, when are we again to meet? I was in hopes that those Irish friends of mine who, as you may remember, gave me lodging under their roof these last two summers in Albemarle Street would again have been at their post this summer and again made me their guest. But the state of Ireland compels them to stand to their post; and this is to me a sad disappointment, for I had set my heart, my dear old friend, on having a few more breakfasts with you (to say nothing of dinners) before “time and the hour has quite run out our day.”

Moore was already beginning to fail. Though he had but just entered on his sixty-ninth year, and Rogers was just finishing his eighty-fourth, the elder poet was the stronger of the two. Moore had a week of great enjoyment and then returned to that happy cottage where the loving care of the best and most devoted of wives more than compensated for the brilliancy of his friend’s bachelor home. He wrote back—it is the last letter.

‘My dear Rogers,—I am but just settling down into rural quiet after the week of gay doings with which you so kindly greeted me. Long, long, my dear friend, may you be able to keep up this spirit, not only in your own buoyant heart, but (as I found while with you) in the hearts of all those whom you draw within your chosen circle.

On the ninth of July, Dora Quillinan, Wordsworth’s only daughter, had died. Wordsworth and his wife had been in London in the spring, and had been hurried back by the news of her serious condition. They were with her two months watching her as she faded away, and this is the ‘long long trial’ of which Rogers speaks in a letter a few pages further on. On the 5th of November another friend was called away in the person of the Archbishop of York. Lord Radstock writes from the Palace at Bishopsthorpe—‘My dear friend,—We both had such regard for our dear archbishop that you should be made acquainted as soon as any of his friends with the loss we have sustained. His end, as his life, was perfect calm and peace without a sigh or struggle. . . What a blessing to have had the last glimpses of our dear friend! May our end be like his. God bless you.’

Rogers was at this time actively concerned in promoting the establishment of the Flaxman Gallery at University College. Miss Denman, Flaxman’s sister-in-law, had just offered to present his sculptures to the College, and all its friends and supporters felt that the offer should be accepted. Hence this letter.

‘My dear Sir,—You already know from Miss Denman that through the excellent management of Edwin Field

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the Flaxman remains have been rescued at a very small sacrifice. They are once more at her disposition. You know also what her anxious desire is—and I now think that that desire will be gratified, for she tells me that you take an interest in the matter and have expressed a wish to see me as soon as I return to London. I believe that that will be, at the latest, this day week. I will lose no time in seeing you, and I hope that it will suit your convenience to accompany me to the University College, where these things are warehoused now, but where I trust, with your aid, or rather through your instrumentality, they will one day constitute a Flaxman gallery.

‘When Miss Denman offered these remains to the Government, a sum was offered which, if money had been her object, would have been acceptable; but as the Government had no room to place them in (it was declared by the officers at the British Museum that they could not afford to take in anything but marble), they would certainly have been lost to the world, perhaps in a short time destroyed. Now, what the Government could not give, the University College can give, but unfortunately nothing else—house-room. The finances of the College are in such a sad state that, with all my solicitude, I could not, as a member of the council, vote for the diversion of any portion of our scanty means from their proper object, even for the flooring of the apartment under the dome, where they might be placed; the funds must be supplied elsewhere both for fitting up the apartment and repairing the models and casts.

‘I cannot think that there will be any difficulty in raising the money. Edwin Field says the same, but we differ in our opinion as to the means of raising it. He would obtain subscriptions of 5l. or 10l. from the lawyers and artists. And he would give to each subscriber a cast from some favourite work. I would rather go to a few of the known patrons of art, such as Sir Robert Peel, Lord Northampton, &c., and I should expect that in sums of 100l. or 50l. the money might be easily procured. Many months ago, when I called on Watson the sculptor and hinted at this thought of forming a Flaxman gallery—but said nothing about sums—he said, if anything of the kind be done, let my name be put down for 50l. You will have the goodness to turn this over in your mind—and indeed, the whole business of the proposed gallery.

‘I called yesterday on Miss Rogers, and was struck by a great change in her appearance and in her talk also. She was wonderfully improved. My friends the Masqueriers desire their best remembrances to you.

‘Adieu, dear Mr. Rogers. Let me at least once a year see a few lines of that beautiful writing of yours, though I do not need it to keep you constantly in the most cherished recollection.

‘I cannot tell you how grateful I am to you for your kindness in allowing Mr. Harding to paint your portrait, which, to my vexation and surprise, I have not yet seen. Mr. Harding was allowed by me to take a copy, and having been much from home since his return last summer, and having with the dilatoriness of artists delayed his work, he has at length gone off to Washington and taken you along with him, to be the ornament of his studio there. I cannot lament that your likeness should be seen in Washington, as it will, by many of the most distinguished persons in this country, who pass the winter there: but it is with no small annoyance that I forego the pleasure of gazing upon your friendly countenance in the meantime. But spring will come and bring me the pleasing sight.

‘Dear old Rogers came yesterday, and sat with me some time; and talking over my various difficulties with me, said I had much better go and live with him, and take care of his house for him. It’s a pretty house, but I’m afraid it would be no sinecure to be his housekeeper.’

Wordsworth writes from amidst the domestic troubles to which reference has been already made.

‘My dear Friend,—I have just received the enclosed, which I hope you will be so kind as to peruse. It is from Mr. Carrick, a miniature painter, who took my portrait when I met him not long ago at his native place, Carlisle. If you could comply with his wish I should be gratified, and should deem it an honour to be associated with you in this way. You preserve your health, I hope, in this severe March weather. You and your dear sister have both the good wishes of those that remain of this afflicted family.

‘My sister desires me to say everything for her to you and to them. She is still, alas, on her couch, but all day long in the air, and in other respects the same as ever,’1

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—I am building at Drayton Manor a gallery for the reception of that collection of portraits which I have formed of the eminent men of my own time. My collection is not confined to men distinguished in political life. It includes the portraits of Byron, Southey, Wordsworth, Chantrey, Cuvier, Walter Scott, &c.

Sir Robert Peel informs me that the portrait was painted by Lucas, and now hangs in the gallery at Drayton Manor. Some other letters from Peel, chiefly written during his administration from 1841 to 1846, are not of much interest except as showing Rogers’s relation to the statesmen and the politics of his day. In

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one of them, Peel says the Queen has approved a grant of 200l. a year to Mr. Tytler, the historian. Mr. Hayward writes once or twice to send him pamphlets, of one of which he says that if the Bishop of London comes to dine with him, he must ‘place it where Sydney Smith placed Archdeacon Wrangham’s.’ On Easter Monday, 1848, John Forster sends his book about Goldsmith, with the assurance, ‘should you ever be able to look into it and chance to find a passage that you can read with pleasure, I shall be very happy and proud indeed.’ Lord Lovaine sends him a letter from Mr. Tupper, who had seen Rogers and Lockhart in his pew at Albury Church, and who is thereupon moved to write a sonnet of which the first line is—

Nothing of thee shall perish, rare old Man.

Mrs. Jameson writes on various occasions to say that she is coming to study some objects of art in his rooms. One time it is to see the two volumes of Ghiberti’s gates and Lasinio’s engravings after Ghirlandajo; another to take a sketch of ‘a glory of cherubim and seraphim in a little French miniature you possess, it hangs up in your back drawing-room,’ and so forth. There is some correspondence in 1848 with Croker about difficulties in Pope, part of which is published in Croker’s Correspondence (vol. iii., pages 186 and 187). Croker writes in 1849 to ask him whereabouts in St. James’s Street the St. James’s Coffee House stood, where was the Cocoa Tree (afterwards a club), and where Almack’s Club. Speaking of Moore, who was then very ill, Croker says, ‘Poor fellow, he and I began our acquaintance in College fifty-three years ago; he was in the class above me.’ Lord

LORD BROUGHAM

327

Aberdeen had been asked to dinner when he had for a month been five hundred miles away. ‘Is it not a strange specimen of the world in which we live,’ he asks, ‘that one of the persons whom I most highly value and regard’ should thus invite him? Empson, editor of ‘The Edinburgh Review,’ whom he had reconciled to a friend, writes (without date), ‘My dear Friend,—Blessed are the peacemakers,—and I trust you will sleep well tonight with this blessing on your pillow—better than hops.’ Crabb Robinson writes to ask for his name to the Flaxman Gallery subscription, and to say how he enjoyed a breakfast party, ‘You lived quite in the past age all the time.’ Hallam, in an affectionate letter, gives him all the details of his daughter’s engagement. So is the old man’s age compassed about with troops of friends. Brougham writes—

‘My dear R.,—Since I received yours I have no news, except that Lady Malet came down, having called, but not being let in. Lady Jersey is over in Germany on a king-hunting excursion; she goes to Hanover, Berlin, and Weimar. Madame Bury’s book, “Germania,” is very clever, but she also is a king-hunter and an ultra legitimist. Her hatred of the new and ridiculous republic has driven her (as is the way of women) into the opposite extreme.

There are two letters from W. H. Prescott, full of respect and regard, and another from Edward Everett telling him ‘we all take a great deal of comfort in your portrait,’ and adding ‘it hangs by the fireside in our family room, with Lord Aberdeen on the other side, as a pendant. Although you and he in former times were not brother Whigs, I am sure you render full justice to his conciliatory policy as Foreign Minister, and will not object to being made with him one of the joint tutelary geniuses of my domestic altar.’

‘William [Sharpe] wrote to me from Swanage asking me to come to him there, but why should he want me to leave this place that I have known these forty years, to go to one that I know nothing about? He said he was proud of having been shaken by the hand by every great man in England in his time, only Pitt he had not known, “but Pitt was not a great man.” Fox sent for him when he was dying. Many reconciliations had taken place in his house, Jeffrey and Moore, Moore and Byron, Parr and Mackintosh, and others. When Jeffrey’s review of Moore’s poems appeared, Moore said he must fight him. He came to St. James’s Place and said, “I have challenged Jeffrey, can you lend me pistols?” He would not, and sent him to William Spencer. Spencer mentioned it to several people, and when they met on the ground the next morning they were stopped by the Bow Street officers and arrested. “I went early to Spencer to learn what had happened and found that he had just got a note from Moore from Bow Street, asking him to come and bail him. ‘But,’ said Spencer, ‘I never go out till four.’ It was then nine, so I went to Bow Street and bailed him, and Horner gave bail for Jeffrey. The quarrel was then referred to me and Horner, and we called in General FitzGerald as umpire. After hearing the circumstances he said: ‘Mr. Jeffrey is not called upon to go out again.’ If I had reported it in the same words to Moore, he would have challenged him again, but I kept my own counsel and they were reconciled.”

‘He said my aunt complained of Maltby’s being dull, that he always talked of Dr. Johnson. “I like to hear about Dr. Johnson, and so do you; I wish we had him here. Is it better to hear how Lady Trumpery is gone to town, or that Mrs. Fiddle Faddle had a party last week?”

‘The lines in his poems “To the Youngest Daughter of Lady Jersey,” he said, were addressed to Lady Harriet Villiers, now the wife of Dr. Bathurst, Bishop of Bath and Wells, “and she is as proud as Lucifer of them.” I said I had not known that. “No, because you did not care; nobody cares. I have not put the name of every right honourable to whom I have addressed any lines.” He very much blamed Dr. Bathurst for laying out so much of his money in restoring Wells Cathedral, so that he is now a poor man, while nobody thanks him for it.

‘When Lord Byron was at Florence he gave Moore the manuscript of his memoirs, telling him to keep it and publish it after his death for the benefit of his (Moore’s) son. Moore sold the manuscript to Murray—having first shown it about to all the world. When Byron died, the executors having heard of the memoirs, came to Moore to induce him to destroy them. He appointed them to meet him at Murray’s, taking Mr. Luttrell with him as a friend and adviser. He was there persuaded to throw the manuscript into the fire. “He did not consult me,” said Mr. Rogers, “because he knew I should not have let him destroy them. He had no right to do it; and he had great difficulty in raising the money to repay Murray.”

‘When Sir James Mackintosh died and his son undertook to write his life, he applied to many friends of his father for any letters they might have. Among others to Sydney Smith, who replied that he had none, that from principle he destroyed all letters except business letters. Mr. Rogers blamed him very much. “He ought, then, never to read any letters that were published. I wrote him one once which I was sure he would not destroy, and his wife told me he did not.”

‘A certain clergyman received a summons from Blomfield, Bishop of London, to attend at London House in consequence of representations that had been made to him as to his conduct. The clergyman asked the name of his accuser; the bishop replied he was not bound to give it, and would not. A few days after the visit, the clergyman wrote to the bishop: “My Lord, I called at London House on such a day, but instead of your Lordship, I was shown up to a conceited, impudent coxcomb, who abused me for half an hour without ceasing. When next I call there, I hope I may have the honour of seeing your Lordship.” This I had from the bishop to whom Dr. Blomfield told it.’

‘Sir Robert Peel said to me one day, sitting by me at dinner, “My father used to say to me, ‘Robert, I will not leave you a penny if you do not make yourself minister.’” His sister has told me the same thing.

Crabb Robinson was staying with Masquerier at Brighton when, in November, Rogers and his sister went thither to Harewood House. She was recovering, and though she had lost the power of conversation she could listen. The scheme for the Flaxman Gallery, in which Robinson was interested, rather hung fire, and he wrote—

‘My dear Sir,—Masquerier and I are to dine with you on Tuesday, I am aware; yet I send you the accompanying paper of subscriptions to the Flaxman Gallery. The amount far exceeds what I expected to raise—and this will give you pleasure—at the same time the cost of the repairs and putting up exceeds to a still greater extent my expectation, and therefore I must beg for a continuance of those active exertions of the friends of fine art which have been already so successful. I was quite startled when I saw for a moment Lady Chantrey at your house, for I had intended to ask your advice, what would be the most decorous manner of requesting that lady to add her name to our body?

They had met with Dickens in this visit to Brighton. After they had left, with his promise to call when he was in London, he sent a copy of ‘Mary Barton,’ and this letter.

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—I was detained on Monday—I mean Wednesday, last—first by business with Bradbury and Evans, and afterwards at the Literary Fund, until I was more than due at the railway. My servant stands charged to bring you “Mary Barton” to-morrow. If I had had a spare moment before I came away, I should have brought it myself.

‘Kate and her sister send you their loves. Brighton is just as you left it. The people, in carriages, on horseback, and afoot, jingling up and down the esplanade under the windows like gay little toys; and the great hoarse ocean roaring unheeded beyond them, and now and then breaking with a deep boom upon the beach, as if it said sullenly, “Won’t anybody listen?” But nobody does; and away they all go, jingling up and down again, until the sun sets, and then go home to dinner.

‘My dear Sir,—On being appointed French Ambassador in London, Monsr. Drouyn de Lhuys, the late Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic, I anticipate his desire to make your estimable acquaintance by taking upon me to inform you of this wish of his Excellency. Would it be too much presumption of me to beg of you to pay him an early visit at Hertford House? I have had occasion to speak great deal of you with my friend Mr. Drouyn, who knows the author of “The Pleasures of Memory” well enough by reputation, and naturally, when he may have an opportunity, he longs for the pleasure of making his personal acquaintance.

‘Monsr. Drouyn is very well versed in the English literature, and I feel satisfied you will both be delighted with your reciprocal conversation.

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—I cannot let this steamer sail without thanking you for your kindness to my son when in London. He is now, I suppose, in Switzerland, where he passes the summer months. I knew, from the interest you have ever expressed for his father, that you would receive him kindly; but I feel truly grateful that you should have allowed him to have so much of your society, and such free admission to your hospitable house. A young man like him can bring little to society but the qualities of a good listener; and I trust he has

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employed them well to garner up the stores for future reminiscences.

‘I suppose you know Boston is to send you another Minister next autumn. Our town seems to be selected as the nursery for the English mission. It is quite a compliment to us. The Minister now appointed, Mr. Lawrence, is quite a different sort of person from his predecessors—Bancroft and Everett. He represents the industry and material interests of the nation. He made his own way in the world, and has employed his large fortune in a very liberal manner. One of his last acts has been to establish a Scientific School at Cambridge, to which he has given ten thousand pounds, with the purpose, it is understood, of doubling the sum. Besides the donation, he prepared a plan for the organization of the institution, which did his head as much credit as his heart. He has shown an enlightened spirit always; and his knowledge of the interests of the country, especially ts financial and economical relations, is extensive. You will not find in him, however, the elegant literary culture which belongs to his predecessors.

‘Mr. Bancroft will retire on his history, I suppose—as harmless an occupation as diplomacy. Everett has wearied of his academic life, and is passing his days in glorious otium at Cambridge. Yet he has too busy and sensitive a mind to relish the far niente.

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—It is such an age since I have written to you that I am really under obligations to my honored friend, the Chief Justice of Massachusetts, who has asked of me for his son-in-law, Mr. Herman Melville, the favor of one or two letters to London. This gentleman (I am sorry to say) is not known to me personally. He is known to you and the entire reading world by his “Typee” and “Omoo,” and another work of the same class, which I have not yet seen. I understand Mr. Melville’s character to be altogether such as warrants me in commending him to your kind notice. His brother, who was Secretary of Legation under Mr. M’Lane, was, I think, known to you. Few of our writers have been as successful at home as Mr. Herman Melville, and I am happy to perceive that his productions are well known on your side of the water.

‘Mr. Melville is going to pass a few months in England and France, and while he is in London I want him to see a few of those choicest spirits, who even at the present day increase the pride which we feel in speaking the language of Shakespeare and Milton. In a word, my dear friend, I want you to admit him to the freedom of No. 22 St. James’s Place.

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—I cannot help writing a line to ask how your cold is, and to report progress. Thanks to you, I was most comfortably lodged and entertained at Mr. Wright’s. . . . He enquired much about you, and regretted your not coming there this year.

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—A three days’ illness, apparently slight in its causes and symptoms, deprived us, at six o’clock on Saturday evening, of our dear friend. Millar was not alarmed, nor Christison, until four and twenty hours before his death. He suffered no pain, but from the sense of increasing weakness. Wine and brandy (he took nothing else) had no effect on his pulse or system. What there was of illness was a feverish cold, accompanied by a slight bronchial cough.

‘Mrs. Jeffrey and Charlotte are bearing up against this sudden and terrible calamity as well as their friends can reasonably expect.

Jeffrey and Rogers had been friends for more than forty years. After the King of Clubs was founded in the first year of the century, Jeffrey was one of the early additions to it, and one of Rogers’s first efforts as a peace-maker was in effecting a lasting reconciliation between Jeffrey and Moore. He was ten years younger than Rogers. Only three months later death came nearer still. Wordsworth, his friend of nearly half a century, as he describes himself in a letter on a previous page, was called away. He had completed his eightieth year on the 7th of April, but the shadow of death was already upon him. Sixteen days later he died. Less than a year before he had spoken of Southey as having had the misfortune to outlive his faculties; in this respect Wordsworth was happier than either Southey or Rogers. He had full possession of his faculties almost to the last. Such a death, at such a full age, was the fit ending of a poet’s life. All his friends, Rogers among them, felt with Manoah, ‘Nothing is here for tears.’ To Rogers, it was only one more finger pointing along the inevitable road. He could not but reflect that he was nearly seven

DEATH OF WORDSWORTH

347

years older than his venerable friend. The death was communicated to him in two letters.

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—You would be prepared from my last note for the melancholy communication I have now to make. My dear father expired at 12 o’clock this day. He passed away calmly, and almost imperceptibly to those around him.

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—I am poor in words—but not in heart—to thank you for the beautiful mark of your remembrance which you left for me to-day. Believe me, I shall prize it all my life, and set no common store by it for your sake.

‘My dear Mr. Rogers,—Were I in London, I know very well you would allow me to bring a friend to you. And the distance of three thousand miles seems only to draw me nearer to you, each mile as I passed it being a witness to the regret with which I parted from cherished friends in England. Mrs. De Witt Clinton, the widow of our Governor Clinton, who deservedly ranked among our most distinguished statesmen and was the father of the internal policy which makes the State of New York so great, visits Europe, and if she finds you in good health, I hope you will do me the favour to receive her visit as you would so kindly have done if I had been in London to accompany her. No one in New York is more respected than Mrs. Clinton, and she is our near friend.

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William Empson (1791-1852) Educated at Winchester and Trinity College, Cambridge, he succeeded Sir James Mackintosh as professor of law at the East India College, Haileybury. He wrote for the Edinburgh Review, of which he became editor in 1847.

Edward Everett (1794-1865) American statesman educated at Harvard College; he was editor of the North American Review (1820-24), ambassador to Great Britain (1841-45), president of Harvard (1846-49).

Edwin Wilkins Field (1804-1871) The law-partner of William Sharpe and husband of Mary Sharpe, Samuel Rogers's nephew and niece. He was an enthusiastic artist who assisted Henry Crabb Robinson in forming the Flaxman Gallery at University College, London.

Richard Fitzpatrick (1748-1813) English military officer, politician, and poet allied with Fox and Sheridan in Parliament; he was secretary of state for war (1783, 1806) and author of Dorinda, a Town Eclogue (1775).

John Flaxman (1755-1826) English sculptor and draftsman who studied at the Royal Academy and was patronized by William Hayley.

John Forster (1812-1876) English man of letters and friend of Charles Lamb and Leigh Hunt who was editor of The Examiner (1847-55) and the biographer of Goldsmith (1854), Landor (1869), and Dickens (1872-74).

Charles James Fox (1749-1806) Whig statesman and the leader of the Whig opposition in Parliament after his falling-out with Edmund Burke.

Henry Edward Fox, fourth baron Holland (1802-1859) English diplomat and friend of Byron whose diary was published as The Journal of the Hon. Henry Edward Fox (1923).

William Johnson Fox (1786-1864) Unitarian preacher at the South Place Chapel in London, editor of the Monthly Repository, and MP for Oldham (1847-63). He was a member of Jeremy Bentham's radical circle.

Frederica Charlotte Ulrica Catherina, Duchess of York (1767-1820) The eldest daughter of Frederick William II, king of Prussia; she married Frederick Duke of York in 1791; they soon separated, the duchess retiring to her estate at Oatlands Park.

Thomas Gaspey (1788-1871) English journalist, novelist, and man of letters who wrote for the Morning Post, Courier, and Literary Gazette; he published The History of England from George III to 1859, 4 vols (1852-59).

Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455) Italian sculptor famed for the bronze doors he made for the Baptistery at Florence.

Domenico Bigordi Ghirlandaio (1448 c.-1494) Italian fresco-painter influenced by Massaccio and Filippo Lippi.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) German poet, playwright, and novelist; author of The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) and Faust (1808, 1832).

George Hamilton- Gordon, fourth earl of Aberdeen (1784-1860) Harrow-educated Scottish philhellene who founded the Athenian Society and was elected to the Society of Dilettanti (1805); he was foreign secretary (1841-1846) and prime minister (1852-55).

Charles Grant, baron Glenelg (1778-1866) Educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and Lincoln's Inn, he was a member of the Speculative Society, MP, Irish chief secretary (1818), and colonial secretary (1835), created Baron Glenelg in 1835.

George Nugent Grenville, second baron Nugent (1788-1850) Son of George Nugent Grenville, first marquess of Buckingham; he was MP, lord of the Treasury, and author of Portugal, a Poem, in Two Parts (1812) and Some Memorials of John Hampden, his Party and his Times (1831). He was remarkable for his corpulence.

Thomas Grenville (1755-1846) The third son of George Grenville; he was a Whig MP and follower of Charles James Fox who was first lord of the Admiralty (1806-07) and bequeathed a collection of 20,000 volumes to the British Library.

Henry Hallam (1777-1859) English historian and contributor to the Edinburgh Review, author of Introduction to the Literature of Europe, 4 vols (1837-39) and other works. He was the father of Tennyson's Arthur Hallam.

Edward Venables-Vernon Harcourt, archbishop of York (1757-1847) The son of George Venables-Vernon, first Baron Vernon, educated at Westminster and All-Souls College, Oxford; he was prebendary of Gloucester (1785-91), bishop of Carlisle (1791-1807), and archbishop of York (1807-47).

Chester Harding (1792-1866) Massachusetts portrait-painter who studied in Paris and worked in London 1823-26.

Abraham Hayward (1801-1884) English barrister and essayist who contributed to the Quarterly Review and wrote The Art of Dining (1852); his translation of Goethe's Faust was published in 1833.

George Stillman Hillard (1808-1879) Harvard-educated American lawyer and man of letters; the friend of Charles Sumner and Nathaniel Hawthorne, he published Six Months in Italy (1853).

Georgina Hogarth (1827-1918) The sister-in-law, adviser, confidante, and editor of Charles Dickens; her father George Hogarth was a legal adviser to Sir Walter Scott and her mother Georgina the daughter of the music publisher George Thomson.

Francis Horner (1778-1817) Scottish barrister and frequent contributor to the Edinburgh Review; he was a Whig MP and member of the Holland House circle.

Horace (65 BC-8 BC) Roman lyric poet; author of Odes, Epistles, Satires, and the Ars Poetica.

George William Frederick Howard, seventh earl of Carlisle (1802-1864) Son of the sixth earl (d. 1848); educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, he was MP, poet, statesman, and cabinet-member under Melbourne and Russell, and viceroy of Ireland (1855-58 and 1859-64).

Edward Hyde, first earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) Edward Hyde, first earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) English statesman and historian; author of History of the Rebellion (1702-1704).

King James VI and I (1566-1625) King of Scotland (1567-1625) and England (1603-1625).

Anna Brownell Jameson [née Murphy] (1794-1860) Writer and art critic born in Dublin; she published Shakespeare's Heroines (1832). in 1825 she married the barrister Robert Sympson Jameson.

Charlotte Jeffrey [née Wilkes] (d. 1850) The daughter of Charles Wilkes, a New York banker, and great-niece of the radical John Wilkes; in 1813 the became the second wife of the critic Francis Jeffrey. Their daughter was also named Charlotte.

Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey (1773-1850) Scottish barrister, Whig MP, and co-founder and editor of the Edinburgh Review (1802-29). As a reviewer he was the implacable foe of the Lake School of poetry.

Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) English man of letters, among many other works he edited A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) and Shakespeare (1765), and wrote Lives of the Poets (1779-81).

Abbott Lawrence (1792-1855) Boston textile-manufacturer and philanthropist; he was minister to Great Britain (1849-52).

Lord William Pitt Lennox (1799-1881) The fourth son of Charles Lennox, fourth duke of Richmond; after education at Westminster School he pursued a military career, married an actress, and wrote for the popular press. He published The Story of my Life, 3 vols (1857).

Alain-René Lesage (1668-1747) French writer, author of the picaresque novel Gil Blas de Santillane (1715-35).

Matthew Gregory Lewis [Monk Lewis] (1775-1818) English poet and novelist; author of The Monk: a Romance (1796), Castle Spectre (1797), and Tales of Wonder (1800).

William Lock (1767-1847) Of Norbury Park; English painter, the son of William Lock (1732-1810); he was the pupil of Henry Fuseli and a friend Samuel Rogers.

John Gibson Lockhart (1794-1854) Editor of the Quarterly Review (1825-1853); son-in-law of Walter Scott and author of the Life of Scott 5 vols (1838).

Louis Philippe, king of the French (1773-1850) The son of Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans; he was King of France 1830-48; he abdicated following the February Revolution of 1848 and fled to England.

Lucan (39-65) Author of the epic poem Pharsalia about the Roman civil wars.

John Lucas (1807-1874) English portrait-painter whose subjects included the duke of Wellington, Lord Palmerston, and W. E. Gladstone, and Mary Russell Mitford.

Henry Luttrell (1768-1851) English wit, dandy, and friend of Thomas Moore and Samuel Rogers; he was the author of Advice to Julia, a Letter in Rhyme (1820).

Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton, first Baron Lytton (1803-1873) English historical novelist and MP who began his career with Pelham: or the Adventures of a Gentleman (1828).

Thomas Babington Macaulay, baron Macaulay (1800-1859) English poet, critic, and historian, author of The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 5 vols (1849-61).

Charles Mackay (1812-1889) Scottish poet and journalist who wrote for The Sun and the Morning Chronicle; he published Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions, and the Madness of Crowds, 3 vols (1841).

William Mackay (1771-1804) British seaman, the son of the Rev. Thomas Mackay, Minister of Lairg, and author of Narrative of the Shipwreck of the Juno (1798) which Byron read at school.

Sir James Mackintosh (1765-1832) Scottish philosopher and man of letters who defended the French Revolution in Vindiciae Gallicae (1791); he was Recorder of Bombay (1803-1812) and MP for Knaresborough (1819-32).

Robert James Mackintosh (1806-1864) The son and biographer of Sir James Mackintosh; he was lieutenant governor of Saint Christopher (1847-1850) and governor of Antigua (1850-1855).

Lady Marianne Dora Mallet [née Spalding] (d. 1891) The daughter of John Spalding; in 1834 she married the diplomat Sir Alexander Malet, second baronet (1800-1886).

William Maltby (1764-1854) A schoolmate and life-long friend of Samuel Rogers; he was a London solicitor and a member of the King of Clubs. In 1809 he succeeded Richard Porson as principal librarian of the London Institution.

John Henry Manners, fifth duke of Rutland (1778-1857) Tory peer, the son of the fourth duke whom he succeeded in 1787; in 1799 Rutland married Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of the Earl of Carlisle.

John James Masquerier (1778-1855) He studied at the Royal Academy Schools (1792-94) and pursued a career as a portrait-painter in London and Scotland. He was a close personal friend of Henry Crabb Robinson.

Louis McLane (1786-1857) American statesman; he was a congressman from Delaware (1817-27) and senator (1827-29), and minister to Great Britain (1829, 1845-46).

Herman Melville (1819-1891) American novelist born in New York, the author of Moby-Dick (1851) and Billy Budd (1924).

Thomas Melville (1830-1884) The younger brother of Herman Melville; he was a seaman and governor of the rest-home at Snug Harbor on Staten Island from 1867 to 1884.

John Milton (1608-1674) English poet and controversialist; author of Comus (1634), Lycidas (1638), Areopagitica (1644), Paradise Lost (1667), and other works.

Elizabeth Moore [née Dyke] [Bessy] (1793-1865) Irish actress who married Thomas Moore in a private ceremony 25 March 1811.

Thomas Moore (1779-1852) Irish poet and biographer, author of the Irish Melodies (1807-34), The Fudge Family in Paris (1818), and Lalla Rookh (1817); he was Byron's close friend and designated biographer.

Lady Sydney Morgan [née Owenson] (1778 c.-1859) Anglo-Irish novelist and socialite, author of The Wild Irish Girl (1806).

Cecilia Mostyn [née Thrale] (1777-1857) The youngest daughter of the brewer Henry Thrale and his wife Hester Thrale [Piozzi]; in 1795 she eloped with John Meredith Mostyn (1775-1807) from whom she later separated.

John Murray II (1778-1843) The second John Murray began the Quarterly Review in 1809 and published works by Scott, Byron, Austen, Crabbe, and other literary notables.

Emperor Louis Napoleon (1808-1873) Son of Louis Bonaparte, king of Holland; he was emperor of France (1852-70).

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English scientist and president of the Royal Society; author of Philosophae naturalis principia mathematica (1687).

Frederick North, second earl of Guilford (1732-1792) English statesman who was prime minister 1770-82 and George III's political ally.

Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847) Irish politician, in 1823 he founded the Catholic Association to press for Catholic emancipation.

Ovid (43 BC-17 AD c.) Roman poet famous for his erotic Art of Love and his mythological poem, The Metamorphoses.

Samuel Parr (1747-1825) English schoolmaster, scholar, and book collector whose strident politics and assertive personality involved him in a long series of quarrels.

Sir Robert Peel, second baronet (1788-1850) Byron's schoolmate at Harrow, afterwards prime minister from 1834-1835 and 1841-1846.

Sir Robert Peel, third baronet (1822-1895) The son of Sir Robert Peel; he was educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford and was MP for Tamworth (1850), Huntingdon (1884), and Blackburn (1885). He was Irish Secretary (1861-65).

Algernon George Percy, sixth duke of Northumberland (1810-1899) The son of George Percy, second earl of Beverley and fifth duke of Northumberland (1778-1867); educated at Eton, he was a Conservative MP for Berealston (1831-32) and North Northumberland (1852-65).

Constantine Henry Phipps, first marquess of Normanby (1797-1863) The son of Henry Phipps, first earl of Mulgrave; educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, he was a Whig MP, governor of Jamaica (1832-34), lord privy seal (1834), lord-lieutenant of Ireland (1835), and ambassador at Paris (1846-52).

William Pitt the younger (1759-1806) The second son of William Pitt, earl of Chatham (1708-1778); he was Tory prime minister 1783-1801.

Alexander Pope (1688-1744) English poet and satirist; author of The Rape of the Lock (1714) and The Dunciad (1728).

William Hickling Prescott (1796-1859) American historian educated at Harvard; he published History of the Conquest of Mexico, 3 vols (1844).

Dora Quillinan [née Wordsworth] (1804-1847) The daughter of William Wordsworth who in 1841 married the poet Edward Quillinan despite her father's concerns about his debts.

Edward Quillinan (1791-1851) A poet of Irish Catholic descent who pursued a military career while issuing several volumes published by his father-in-law Edgerton Brydges; after the death of his first wife Jemima he married Dora Wordsworth in 1841.

Raphael (1483-1520) Of Urbino; Italian painter patronized by Leo X.

Patrick Robertson [Peter] (1794-1855) Scottish judge, poet, wit, and friend of John Wilson; familiarly known as “Peter,” in 1848 he was elected lord rector of Marischal College.

Henry Crabb Robinson (1775-1867) Attorney, diarist, and journalist for The Times; he was a founder of the Athenaeum Club.

Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) English poet, banker, and aesthete, author of the ever-popular Pleasures of Memory (1792), Columbus (1810), Jaqueline (1814), and Italy (1822-28).

Sarah Rogers (1772-1855) Of Regent's Park. the younger sister of the poet Samuel Rogers; she lived with her brother Henry in Highbury Terrace.

John Ruskin (1819-1900) Art critic and social reformer; he published Modern Painters, 5 vols (1843-60) and The Stones of Venice (1851-53).

John Russell, first earl Russell (1792-1878) English statesman, son of John Russell sixth duke of Bedford (1766-1839); he was author of Essay on the English Constitution (1821) and Memoirs of the Affairs of Europe (1824) and was Prime Minister (1865-66).

Sir Walter Scott, baronet (1771-1832) Scottish poet, novelist, antiquary, biographer, editor, and sheriff.

Jane Georgiana Seymour, duchess of Somerset [née Sheridan] (1809-1884) The granddaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan and youngest of Caroline Norton's sisters; in 1830 she married Edward Adolphus Seymour, twelfth Duke of Somerset.

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) The Bard of Avon.

Henry Sharpe (1802-1873) The son of Sutton Sharpe and nephew of the poet Samuel Rogers; he was a businessman and philanthropist.

Samuel Sharpe (1799-1881) Banker and Egyptologist; he was the nephew of the poet Samuel Rogers and brother of the geologist Daniel Sharpe.

William Sharpe (1804-1870) London solicitor, the son of Sutton Sharpe and nephew of the poet Samuel Rogers, whose Reminiscences (1859) he edited.

Lemuel Shaw (1781-1861) Educated at Harvard, he was chief justice of Massachusetts (1830-60) and the father-in-law of Herman Melville.

Sydney Smith (1771-1845) Clergyman, wit, and one of the original projectors of the Edinburgh Review; afterwards lecturer in London and one of the Holland House denizens.

Robert Southey (1774-1843) Poet laureate and man of letters whose contemporary reputation depended upon his prose works, among them the Life of Nelson, 2 vols (1813), History of the Peninsular War, 3 vols (1823-32) and The Doctor, 7 vols (1834-47).

William Robert Spencer (1770-1834) English wit and author of society verse. He was the son of Lord Charles Spencer, second son of the third duke of Marlborough, educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford. Spencer was a friend of Fox, Sheridan, and the Prince of Wales.

Philip Henry Stanhope, fifth earl Stanhope (1805-1875) Historian and man of letters, the son of the fourth earl; he published The History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, 1713-1783, 7 vols, (1836-53).

Charles Richard Sumner, bishop of Winchester (1790-1874) The younger brother of John Bird Sumner, archbishop of Canterbury; he was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; he was bishop of Llandaff and dean of St. Paul's (1826) and bishop of Winchester (1827).

Charles Sumner (1811-1874) American statesman; he was educated at Harvard and spent two years traveling in Europe before making his reputation as an abolitionist senator from Massachusetts.

George Ticknor (1791-1871) American author and Harvard professor of modern languages who travelled extensively in Europe 1815-19.

Titian (1487 c.-1576) Venetian painter celebrated for his portraits.

Martin Farquhar Tupper (1810-1889) The eldest son of the physician Martin Tupper (1780-1844), educated at Charterhouse, Christ Church, Oxford (where he befriended W. E. Gladstone) and Lincoln's Inn. He published the best-selling Proverbial Philosophy: a Book of Thoughts and Arguments (1838).

Patrick Fraser Tytler (1791-1849) Sottish barrister, son of Alexander Fraser Tytler; he published The Life of the Admirable Crichton (1819), History of Scotland (1828-43), and other works.

Queen Victoria (1819-1901) Queen of England, 1837-1901.

Sarah Sophia Child- Villiers, countess of Jersey [née Fane] (1785-1867) Heiress and Whig hostess, the daughter of John Fane, earl of Westmorland (1759-1841), she married George Child-Villiers, earl of Jersey (1773-1859) in 1804.

Virgil (70 BC-19 BC) Roman epic poet; author of Eclogues, Georgics, and the Aenead.

George Granville Waldegrave, second baron Radstock (1786-1857) The son of the first baron (d. 1825) whose Naval career he emulated; he took an interest in naval charities and naval history.

Musgrave Lewthwaite Watson (1804-1847) On the advice of John Flaxman he abandoned the law to pursue a career as a sculptor, studying at the Royal Academy School and opening a studio in London in 1828.

Caroline Webster [née Le Roy] (1797-1882) The second wife of Daniel Webster whom he married in December 1829.

Daniel Webster (1782-1852) American statesman and orator; he was a United States senator (1827-41, 1845-50) and secretary of state (1841-43).

Richard Whately, archbishop of Dublin (1787-1863) The nephew of the Shakespeare critic Thomas Whately (d. 1772); he was educated at Oriel College, Oxford where he was professor of political economy (1829-31) and was archbishop of Dublin (1831-63). A prolific writer, he offered a rationalist defense of Anglicanism.

Robert Charles Winthrop (1809-1894) American statesman educated at Harvard who studied law with Daniel Webster and was Whig speaker of the house (1847-49) and appointed to the Senate in 1850 before losing the seat to Charles Sumner.

Dorothy Wordsworth (1771-1855) The sister of William Wordsworth who transcribed his poems and kept his house; her journals and letters were belatedly published after her death.

John Wordsworth (1803-1875) The son of William Wordsworth, educated at New College, Oxford; he was the rector at rector of Moresby, near Whitehaven (1828), Brigham (1832-75) and Plumblands (1840-75) in Cumberland.

Mary Wordsworth [née Hutchinson] (1770-1859) The sister of Sarah Hutchinson and wife of William Wordsworth, whom she married in 1802.

William Wordsworth (1770-1850) With Coleridge, author of Lyrical Ballads (1798), Wordsworth survived his early unpopularity to succeed Robert Southey as poet laureate in 1843.

Francis Wrangham (1769-1842) Classical scholar, translator, and book collector; author of A Few Sonnets Attempted from Petrarch in Early Life (1817), dedicated to Byron.

The Day. (1809-1817). A daily newspaper edited by Eugenius Roche (1809-11), John Scott, and Robert Hogan; it merged with the New Times.

The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal. (1802-1929). Founded by Francis Jeffery, Sydney Smith, and Henry Brougham, the Edinburgh Review was for decades a principal organ of Whig opinion in Britain.

Marie Pauline Rose Blaze de Bury, baroness [née Stewart] (1813-1894) Germania; its Courts, Camps, and People. (London: H. Colburn, 1850).

George Gordon Byron, sixth Baron Byron (1788-1824) Don Juan. (London: 1819-1824). A burlesque poem in ottava rima published in installments: Cantos I and II published in 1819, III, IV and V in 1821, VI, VII, and VIII in 1823, IX, X, and XI in 1823, XII, XIII, and XIV in 1823, and XV and XVI in 1824.

Alexander Dundas Ross Wishart Cochrane-Baillie, first baron Lamington (1816-1890) Young Italy. (London: J. W. Parker, 1850).

William Cowper (1731-1800) The Iliad and Odyssey of Homer. 2 vols (London: J. Johnson, 1791). Translated in blank verse.

John Wilson Croker (1780-1857) The Croker Papers. The Correspondence and Diaries of the late Right Honourable John Wilson Croker. 3 vols (London: J. Murray, 1884). Edited by Louis J Jennings.

John Forster (1812-1876) The Life and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith: a Biography in Four Books. (London: Bradbury and Evans, 1848). Several times reprinted.

Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell [née Stevenson] (1810-1865) Mary Barton: a Tale of Manchester Life. 3 vols (Paisley: Alexander Gardner, 1848).

Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey (1773-1850) “Moore's Poems” in Edinburgh Review. Vol. 8 (July 1806): 456-465. A review of Epistles, Odes, and other Poems; the review is not now attributed to Jeffrey.

Alain-René Lesage (1668-1747) The History and Adventures of Gil Blas of Santillane. 3 vols (London: 1725). The French original was published in three parts between 1715 and 1735.

Charles Mackay (1812-1889) Through the Long Day; or, Memorials of a Literary Life during half a Century. 2 vols (London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1887).

William Mackay (1771-1804) Narrative of the Shipwreck of the Juno, on the coast of Aracan, and of the singular Preservation of Fourteen of her Company on the Wreck. (London: Debrett, 1798). Read by Byron at Dr. Glennie's academy at Dulwich.

Herman Melville (1819-1891) Omoo: a Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1847).

Herman Melville (1819-1891) Typee: a Peep at Polynesian Life. During a four Months' Residence in a Valley of the Marquesas. (New York: Wiley and Putnam, 1846).

John Milton (1608-1674) Paradise Lost. A Poem written in Ten Books. (London: 1667). A biblical epic on the fall of man, in blank verse.

Thomas Moore (1779-1852) Memoirs, Journal, and Correspondence. 8 vols (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1853). Edited by Moore's friend Lord John Russell.

Ovid (43 BC-17 AD c.) Tristia. ( 12 c.). A collection of five books of elegiac poems written by Ovid in exile at Tomis.

Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) “Jacqueline, a Tale” in Lara, a Tale. Jacqueline, a Tale. (London: Murray, 1814). First printed with “Lara” by Lord Byron.

Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) The Pleasures of Memory, a Poem. In two Parts. (London: T. Cadell, 1792). A descriptive poem in couplets reprinted throughout the nineteenth century.

Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) “To the youngest daughter of Lady * *” in Poems by Samuel Rogers. (London: T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1812). Dated 1798; the poem is addressed to Harriet Villiers, daughter of Lady Jersey.

George Ticknor (1791-1871) History of Spanish Literature. 3 vols (New York: Harper and Brother, 1849).

INFORMATION FROM TEI HEADER

Source Description:

Author: Clayden, Peter William, 1827-1902

Title: Samuel Rogers and his Contemporaries 2 Vols (London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1889).

Electronic Edition:

Series: Lord Byron and his Times: http://lordbyron.org

Encoding Description: Any dashes occurring in line breaks have been removed. Obvious and unambiguous compositors’ errors have been silently corrected.

Markup and editing by: David Hill Radcliffe

Completed September 2009

Publication Statement:

Publisher: Center for Applied Technologies in the Humanities, Virginia Tech

Availability: Published under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License